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—–. 1989. This new Syntax and you can Semantics out of Verb Morphology in Progressive Aramaic: Good Jewish Dialect away from Iraqi Kurdistan. American Chinese language Series, 69. The new Retreat: Western Chinese language Society.
Meehan, Charles, and Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The Guy Whose Tunic Caught to Your: A good Folktale in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Oriental Education nine:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Facts and you can Records for the a pattern of Lamentations into Ninth off Ab from the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect seniorblackpeoplemeet from Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The publication from Exodus into the Neo-Aramaic regarding Dialect of one’s Jewish People off Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.
These types of half a dozen binyanim regarding Syriac have been low in NENA so you’re able to a few very first kinds, that have a 3rd directly allied with the 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you will Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Contact, Creolization, and you will Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you may Los angeles: Univ. from California Press.
The initial category descends from the latest peal, the next classification about pael, and also the third, whoever vocalism uses that another, hails from new afel
Other basis complicating the difficulty is the differential has an effect on of the certain co-territorial languages. New dialect differences inside Kurdish are extremely big, and its impression will be traced a number of the variation among NENA languages. Such as for example, new Jewish Neo-Aramaic away from Halabja, for instance the Kurdish of your own area, cannot separate something special and you will upcoming demanding, however, where Kurdish maintains instance a significant difference, so do Neo-Aramaic. Into the Azerbaijan, Turkish enjoys exerted solid effect on the fresh new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), and also the languages of simple off Mosul let you know an effective dictate out of Arabic perhaps not viewed elsewhere.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words off descendants regarding emigrants from one of the semi-independent ashirets from southeast Turkey, now resident over the Khabur Valley during the Syria. Data is regarding Jacobi (1973) and my notes.
(5) Syriac had three basic verbal stems, new peal, the latest pael, and the afel. To the was indeed added three couch potato stems, shaped regarding earliest of these because of the prefixation regarding e[Theta]-: the fresh new age[Theta]pael, the fresh elizabeth[Theta]paal, and also the ettafal. This situation can be found during NENA. For the majority NENA dialects, verbs commonly remain in the new verb kinds in which they certainly were utilized in prior to grade of one’s code. That’s, new descendant from an effective Syriac peal verb might possibly be a great NENA Classification I verb, and a good Syriac pael verb is a good NENA Classification II verb: such as, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ regarding prior to peal, and you will sadure ‘send’ off before pael. Yet not, into the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and possibly Koy Sanjaq, the course subscription has been reorganized and that’s predictable into the base of one’s form of brand new stalk instead of their historical source. Instance, from inside the Azerbaijani the new C base provides the function CaCoC- having voice verbs, any type of their provider, and CCaC- getting center-weak verbs: garosen ‘I was pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) am descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Another very extreme innovation for the NENA ‘s the 3rd person copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type could possibly get obtain (Noldeke 1868, 203) away from we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but zero copula think its great is external NENA. The first and 2nd person don’t have an enthusiastic l, except within the Jewish Azerbaijani, where l has been generalized from the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is situated throughout the NENA except in the Halabja, with -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the times off mercy’. Neither Turoyo neither Mandaic has actually forms synchronous so you can ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he is actually here’, harke-no ‘I in the morning here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is charming’, basim-na ‘I was charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic keyword for ‘son’, bra into the BT, could have been offered in every NENA except Hertevin of the addition of the diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal interaction), Zakho brona (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 177). However, each other Turoyo and you will Mandaic possess an epenthetic vowel, however, zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you can Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Sometimes, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, against the rest of NENA. They lacks an effective CCaCa introduce demanding (6), doesn’t have sodir preterite (12), does not have any preposition ta (15), and you can spends ruh in order to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The fresh new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Research and you can Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, show practica 3. Brand new Hague: Mouton.